Benützer: Prouteuze |
Prouteuses Poum Pidou Pou! Tags: Prout |
Benützer: Prouteuze |
Prouteuses Prout Tags: Prout |
Benützer: URIanimation |
G Protein Receptor This animation describes what takes place with a G protein receptor. G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are proteins embedded in the surface of cells. GPCRs comprise the largest superfamily of proteins in the body. More than 1,000 different GPCRs have been identified since the first receptors were cloned. These proteins receive chemical signals from outside the cell and pass the signal into the cell, so that the cell can respond to the signal. The structures of the endogenous ligands for GPCRs are exceptionally diverse. They include biogenic amines such as norephnephrine and serotonine, peptides, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleotides, ions, and proteases. The sensation of exogenous stimuli, such as light, odors, and taste, is also mediated by this class of receptors. Activation of the receptor causes an effector inside the cell to produce a second signal chemical, which eventually triggers the cell to react to the original external chemical signal. Andrea and Richard animated the signal process in this clip. A ligand, in this case Norepinepherine (NE), binds to the receptor and induces a conformational change. This conformational change activates the a/b complex. The complex is bound to GDP while it is inactive. GTP replaces GDP, thus activating the Alpha subunit. The activated Alpha subunit undergoes a conformational change and activates Adenylate Cyclase. Once the Adenylate Cyclase is activated, it is then able to convert ATP. The products of ATP conversion are c-AMP and two phosphate molecules. c-AMP is a second messenger used in many processes required for cell survival and growth. Future plans are to expand this animation to show the second messenger pathways, and further explain intracellular signaling in a variety of living processes. Created by: Andrea Dichele - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences StudentAndrea Dichele Class of 2006 Pharmacy Richard Wallace - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences StudentRichard Wallace Class of 2006 Pharmacy Doctor Rodgers - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Robert Rodgers Professor of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Doctor Babson - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. John Babson Associate Professor of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Tags: G-Protein URI animation Pharmacy |
Benützer: remyfl |
Proteosomes Proteasomes are large protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, as well as in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that carry out such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into amino acids and used in synthesizing new proteins.Proteins are tagged for degradation by a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases. Once a protein is tagged with a single ubiquitin molecule, this is a signal to other ligases to attach additional ubiquitin molecules. The result is a polyubiquitin chain that is bound by the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein Tags: Cell protein complex eukaryotes amino acids cell nucleus |
Benützer: JigsawHealth |
Digestive Enzymes- Restore Your Digestive Health There are more than 3,000 digestive enzymes in your body—lipases, proteases, and amylases—to help break down fats, proteins, fibers, and carbohydrates. Prior to the turn of the century, most people got the enzymes they needed for digestion from raw or traditionally canned foods. These enzymes would then work with the enzymes in the body to help digest your food and give your body the nutrients it needs. Since then, modern large-scale canning and food processing methods actually require excessive heat to kill off enzymes in food in order to preserve the foods. Without these needed enzymes from food, the body has to rely entirely on its own enzymes for digestion. Add to that a high-stress lifestyle and the tendency to overeat and eat on the run and you've overwhelmed your digestive system. You may expereince indigestion, constipation, bloating, and acid reflux following meals—clear signs your body isn't digesting food properly or absorbing needed nutrients. Jigsaw Health Essential Blend Digestive Enzymes provide one of the most powerful and comprehensive digestive enzymes on the market today. It works throughout your digestive tract in a wide range of pH levels without being degraded in stomach acid—a serious problem for those with chronic digestive conditions. Tags: Digestive Intestinal Stomach Food IBS Diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome Gas Bloating |
Benützer: URIanimation |
G Protein Receptor Take II This animation describes what takes place with a G protein receptor. G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are proteins embedded in the surface of cells. GPCRs comprise the largest superfamily of proteins in the body. More than 1,000 different GPCRs have been identified since the first receptors were cloned. These proteins receive chemical signals from outside the cell and pass the signal into the cell, so that the cell can respond to the signal. The structures of the endogenous ligands for GPCRs are exceptionally diverse. They include biogenic amines such as norephnephrine and serotonine, peptides, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleotides, ions, and proteases. The sensation of exogenous stimuli, such as light, odors, and taste, is also mediated by this class of receptors. Activation of the receptor causes an effector inside the cell to produce a second signal chemical, which eventually triggers the cell to react to the original external chemical signal. A ligand, in this case Norepinepherine (NE), binds to the receptor and induces a conformational change. This conformational change activates the a/b complex. The complex is bound to GDP while it is inactive. GTP replaces GDP, thus activating the Alpha subunit. The activated Alpha subunit undergoes a conformational change and activates Adenylate Cyclase. Once the Adenylate Cyclase is activated, it is then able to convert ATP. The products of ATP conversion are c-AMP and two phosphate molecules. c-AMP is a second messenger used in many processes required for cell survival and growth. Created by: Nelson Caetano Class of 2007 Pharmacy Dr. Jef Bratberg Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy Tags: G Protein Receptor Membrane Signal Transduction Neurotransmitter URI animation |
Benützer: flipdock |
Dock SB203SB238 ligand to HIV-1 protease (1HBV) A replay of docking flexible ligand into a flexible receptor. Eight residues from the receptor were made flexible. magenta: SB203SB238 ligand in crystal structure. yellow: the same ligand in docking test Tags: flipdock |
Benützer: prokopton |
Enzyme Research and Treatment, Linus Pauling http://www.encognitive.com Enzymes are important because they act as biological catalysts. This means that they bring molecules together in such a way that they can react. All of the reactions that they catalyze are chemically possible (at least in theory) even in the absence of enzymes. However, in the absence of enzymes, these reactions could not occur fast enough to support life. Enzymes are complex delicate molecules that help other chemical reactions take place. In other words, they make things happen but don't change themselves. {1} In chemistry, this is called a catalyst. Enzymes either tear apart molecules (called hydrolase) or put them together (called conjugase).{2} Enzymes classified as Metabolic Enzymes help with tissues and organs in the body. They help run the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys. Hundreds of metabolic enzymes are necessary to carry on the work of the body.{3} Digestive Enzymes help break food down into simple components. Key digestive enzymes are Lapase, Amylase, Protease and Bromelain all of which are found in HTN's Assimilator product. Lapase is a fat digesting enzyme and helps reduce fats into fatty acids.{4} Amylase helps change carbohydrates into simple sugars. Protease breaks protein down into amino acids. When food is broken down into the fatty acids, sugars and amino acids, they are taken into the bloodstream in the gastro-intestinal tract. Generally raw, fresh, ripe, uncooked foods contain the enzymes needed to digest that specific food. Any cooking of the food (above 118F) {5}will destroy the enzymes. Major grocery stores try to keep fruits and vegetables from ripening too soon. Once they actually reach the store they may artificially "ripen" the produce so that it has the right color. But is it really ripe? Ever notice how a farmer's market smells with the real fresh produce? {6} Even frozen food may be dipped in hot water before freezing {7} which will destroy the enzymes. As we have said, the digestive enzymes help to digest the food breaking it down but if the digestive enzymes get overwhelmed (say after a big meal) or as a result of an out of balance body chemistry the food will not be well digested. When this happens the food starts to putrefy (start to rot) in the gut irritating the lining of the intestinal tract causing the cells of the lining to widen. This is called "leaky gut syndrome." Undigested or partially digested food makes its way into the blood stream where it does not belong. These food particles are too large and cannot be used by the cells.{8} At this point the immune system sees these particles as invaders and starts attacking them. The result may be a food allergy, runny eyes, sneezes, headaches, or fatigue just to name a few symptoms. {9} If this happens often the immune system gets exhausted which is part of the degenerative disease process. {10} "If you become nauseated when eating, have several food allergies, have heart burn, gas, bloating, belching, abdominal pain or cramps after eating or are often constipated these enzymes [amylase, protease, lipase which are found in Assimilator (an HTN Product), and papain ] may help restore good digestion. And, even if your diet is ideal, it can be wise to take enzymes when you are eating cooked food." {11} Possible Cancer benefits. In the 1920's German scientists "began injecting animal [cancer] tumors with pineapple juice extract, which contains the portelytic enzyme bromelain [found in Assimilator] and watched a measurable shrinkage or disappearance of many cancers in animals. "{12} "The function of proteolytic enzymes is to digest protein." Dr. Harold Manner relates this to cancer, "The cancer cell shields itself from anticancer agents [the immune system] by forming a fibrin coating around each individual cell; this fibrous coating is made of protein. Proteolytic enzymes [Bromelain] digests this protein coating, which allows the body's white cells to attack the cancer cells and destroy them." {13} If we constantly use all our protein digesting enzymes to breakdown food then there will be none left over to do other bodily functions such as helping the immune system find the cancer cells. http://www.focus-on-nutrition.com/Enzymes.shtml Tags: enzymes nutrients nutrition health mental illness disease orthomolecular medicine linus pauling natural cure |
Benützer: Kernchen013 |
AIDS Hoax-Ten reasons HIV is not the cause of AIDS_010 AIDS: Fact or Fraud? http://www.hiv-aids-factorfraud.com/ http://www.duesberg.com/ HIV=AIDS: Fact or Fraud? One of the most powerful video documentaries of our time boldly reveals the modern medical-industrial complex's dire descent into utter corruption. This feature-length expose explains exactly how the 300-Billion-dollar AID$ fraud began, why HIV can NOT be the cause of AIDS, what the real causes could be, and who manipulates the public's good intentions while poisoning hundreds of thousands with toxic drugs that cause the very disease they are supposed to prevent. This is a systematic dissection of the HIV/AID$ machine and how they hijacked a program designed to fight a worldwide plight of human suffering and drove it down the road to hell. Yet this program offers hope, inspired by the courage and articulate arguments of a group of growing voices internationally challenging the HIV=AIDS=DEATH hysteria. A MUST SEE for anyone interested in truly understanding the facts about HIV/AID$. You will meet a number of highly reputable scientists who all agree that HIV doesn't cause AIDS, including Dr. Peter Duesberg, who was the first scientist to map the genetic structure of retroviruses. He is joined by Nobel Prize winners Dr. Kary Mullis and Dr.Walter Gilbert, along with Dr. David Rasnick, an expert in the field of protease inhibitors. Is HIV/AIDS the golden idol of junk science? Judge for yourself. Professionally produced, written and researched, acclaimed by physicians, scientists, journalists and humanitarians internationally, this is the video encyclopedia of HIV/AIDS dissident movement! THE defining documentary on the HIV/AIDS fraud. Order it Tags: aids hiv hoax health medical medicine conspiracy industry the truth physical science social |
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Super Guts cleansing, Intestines Flusher & stomach Cleaner. Array Tags: |